Essay Public Subsidies for Sports Facilities - 3522 Words

Public Subsidies for Sports Facilities America is in the midst of a sports construction boom. New sports facilities costing at least $200 million each have been completed or are under way in Baltimore, Charlotte, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Milwaukee, Nashville, San Francisco, St. Louis, Seattle, Tampa, and Washington, D.C., and are in the planning stages in Boston, Dallas, Minneapolis, New York, and Pittsburgh. Major stadium renovations have been undertaken in Jacksonville and Oakland. Industry experts estimate that more than $7 billion will be spent on new facilities for professional sports teams before 2006. Most of this $7 billion will come from public sources. The subsidy starts with the federal government, which†¦show more content†¦First, building the facility creates construction jobs. Second, people who attend games or work for the team generate new spending in the community, expanding local employment. Third, a team attracts tourists and companies to the host city, further increasing local spending and jobs. Finally, all this new spending has a multiplier effect as increased local income causes still more new spending and job creation. Advocates argue that new stadiums spur so much economic growth that they are self-financing: subsidies are offset by revenues from ticket taxes, sales taxes on concessions and other spending outside the stadium, and property tax increases arising from the stadiums economic impact. Unfortunately, these arguments contain bad economic reasoning that leads to overstatement of the benefits of stadiums. Economic growth takes place when a communitys resources--people, capital investments, and natural resources like land--become more productive. Increased productivity can arise in two ways: from economically beneficial specialization by the community for the purpose of trading with other regions or from local value added that is higher than other uses of local workers, land, and investments. Building a stadium is good for the local economy only if a stadium is the most productive way to make capital investments and use its workers. In our forthcoming Brookings book, Sports, Jobs, andShow MoreRelatedDo Public Subsidies For Professional Athletic Organizations Benefit Their Local Community?1591 Words   |  7 PagesDo public subsidies for professional athletic organizations benefit their local community? Sports teams, or professional athletic organization, are extremely important institutions within a city or region. They can help connect people with places, and through this loyalty, a sense of civic pride can be seen. Furthermore, the multi-billion dollar industry sports produces effects that can impact individuals and communities. In recent years dozens of new sports stadiums have been built throughoutRead MoreThe Effects of Sports Teams and Stadiums on Cities Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Sports Teams and Stadiums on Cities What if a tax increase came to a city because of a sports team, would it be alright? Of course not, right? Well, consider being told as a tax payer and being told it will help the economy of city to build a stadium. However, a tax increase is never highly looked upon, and large companies sell extraordinary economic growth, and cannot produce the promise. Read MoreSports Subsidies Relies On Fan Support1019 Words   |  5 Pagessupport for sports subsidies relies on fan support. John Oliver, Dennis Coates and her companion Brad R. Humphreys present several viewpoints regarding the stadium s arising arguments and questions. In his parody video Last Week Tonight, John Oliver attacks stadium subsidies, the process by which local and state governments give hundreds of millions of dollars in taxpayer money to fund stadiums for professional sports teams. The article â€Å"Do Economists Reach a Conclusion on Subsidies for Sports FranchisesRead MoreThe Benefits and Necessities of Stadium Funding1437 Words   |  6 Pagesby professional sports teams. While local officials have a long history of efforts to attract team to their communities, the task of securing the funds needed to build the required playing facilities is relatively new. During the early years of professional sports through the 1950s, most teams played their home games in a privately owned stadium or arena. Team owners wanted little involvement from the public sector in their business affairs. Later, when publicly funded facilities became more commonRead MorePublic vs Private Funding Private Stadiums1133 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION The past 20 years have witnessed a massive transformation of professional sports stadiums in North America and the rest of the world. In the United States and Canada alone, by 2012, 125 of the 140 teams in the five largest professional sports leagues, the National Football League (NFL), Major League Baseball (MLB), National Basketball Association (NBA), Major League Soccer (MLS), and National Hockey League (NHL), will play in stadiums constructed or significantly renovated sinceRead MoreEssay about New Stadium1351 Words   |  6 Pageshave been built within the United States. A sports facility has potential to become a major source of revenue, venue for advertising, and brings about economic and social benefits to the community. The goal of a new facility is to increase the fan base, boost revenue, and increase a team’s competitiveness. For cities to reap the benefits of a new facility there must be support from the city, as well as, support from city officials. Building a ne w facility provides more jobs for the city, increasesRead More sports stadium financing in the 1990s Essay2859 Words   |  12 Pageswas a decade of skyrocketing salaries and the trend to build huge public ally financed megaplexis to house these professional athletes. The current response to this ostentatious decade is to put forth bills to prevent and/or set limits on public financed projects (Shafroth, 1996). The history of stadiums shows that it was always the norm of publicly building stadiums, however, with the cost of these projects astronomical the public is more skeptical (Rosentraub, 1991). The reason why state and localRead MoreFor Many Years, Academics And Athletics At The Ncaa Division1624 Words   |  7 Pagesthe amount of athletic spending per athlete at universities in the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s Football Bowl Subdivision grew by about 50 percent between 2005 and 2010, compared to a 38 percent increase in in-state student tuition at public four-year universities. In fact, the growth in per-athlete athletic spending outpaced the growth in per-student academic spending over that time period in all subdivisions of Division I athletics. In general, the report found that Division I universitiesRead MoreStadium Essay891 Words   |  4 Pagesorg/wiki/File:M%C3%BCnchen-Allianz-Arena(Luftbild).jpg Retrieved on 20 Mar 2013. 4-1-3 Service and entertainment points: According to the attachment of stadiums to the city centers, the success or failure of fans’ journey to stadium depending on the amenities of city facilities, such as cafes, restaurants, shops,†¦etc. Fig.18. that imposes to two main points in designing and choosing stadiums location; first the impact of the stadium and city in a larger context. Second security standards and control strategies; open spacesRead MoreEconomic And Social Consequences Of Diabetes1231 Words   |  5 Pages$69 billion went to lost productivity (NCBI, 2013). The largest parts of the medical costs were hospital inpatient care, prescription medicine to treat the symptoms of Diabetes, antidiabetic agents and Diabetes supplies, doctor visits, and nursing facility stays. The diagnosed people with Diabetes usually spend on average $13,700 on medical bills of which approximately $7,900 is directly related to Diabetes. The cost for an average diabetic for medical costs is approximately 2.3 times larger than a

Criminal Justice It Has A Weak Social Control System For...

I believe that Criminal justice institution; it has a weak social control system for our safety, because they are some officers that abuse of their power against the civilians. This affect or impact our society in a large distance in a way that social control system don’t have a strong system to protect use as a United States citizen from some officers that don’t do their job in the right way. After knowing that criminal justice is the last line of defense some of them abuse their power. Criminal justice is the last resort after community is affected by crimes and this institution of social control they are the ones to disciplined other for breaking the law. Criminal justice is an institution that protects civilians from crimes, which are composed of three main agencies that give protection. They make a criminal justice system, for example these three agencies are police, court, and correction. Law enforcement is one of the main agencies that enforce the law, and when a crime is reported the police service are the one who solve or manage the situation to determine what happened in a particular crime and can detain a person who has committed an offense. Court is a tribunal institution where people come to tribunal to resolve their disagreements after a suspect has been arrested. In the court there’s a judge the one who decide whether to charge the suspect with a crime or released with no charges. Corrections is another important agency from the criminal justice system whereShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of The Criminal Justice System1292 Words   |  6 Pagesmake sure the criminal justice system fails because they benefit from that fa ilure. Conspiracy theories are hard to be proven and for it to succeed, it has to be kept a secret. There’s no credibility in the sources due to the degree of secrecy. Conspiracy theories are invalid because it doesn’t correspond with how people behave most of the time. The Pyrrhic defeat theory isn’t a conspiracy theory because the theory bases itself on why the criminal justice system fails and that’s due to our own shortcomingRead MoreDeterrence Theory And The Criminal Justice Field Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pagesbased upon a belief that citizens choose to obey or violate the law after determining the advantages and disadvantages of their actions (Paternoster, 2010). Deterrence, in the criminal justice field, dissuades individuals from criminal activity and from continuing to live a life of crime after committing the first criminal like act (Dutton, 2014). Law enforcement provides sanctions in the form of imprisonment, probation and fines (Paternoster , 2010). In the United States, a practical example of deterrenceRead MoreBeccaria s Of Crimes And Punishment1317 Words   |  6 Pagesclassical school discusses work in the 18th century by Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham. The classical school was based upon the thought by Beccaria that everyone has free will when it came to making decisions, such decisions as to whether to commit a crime or not. He also believed that punishment can be used to deter the public, both criminals and non-offenders, from committing crimes so long as the punishment fits the crime and is acted upon swiftly to ensure that a lesson is learnt. Beccaria’s theoryRead MoreBlaming the Victim1214 Words   |  5 PagesVictim Sarah Schwartz Baker College Comp 101 Blaming the Victim 1 in 4 women will experience domestic violence in her lifetime (safehorizon.org). Domestic violence is a pattern of behavior used to establish power and control over another person through fear and intimidation, often including the threat or use of violence. I am that 1 of 4 woman who have experienced an abusive relationship. I was always asked why I didn’t leave or why I didn’t say something, instead ofRead MoreAddressing Problems Of Urban Communities1728 Words   |  7 PagesAddressing problems in urban communities should remain first priority. Poverty has been growing faster in many cities throughout America. Residents of poor urban areas face many sets of challenges that our community developers are not addressing that can alleviate issues within urban communities. If we can come together to fight against poverty, we can call for revitalization, we need many more new strategies to tackle problems that aren’t contained. Many authors address poverty wit hin suburbanRead MoreEssay on The Importance of Justice in Society1424 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Justice in Society One component of the definition of justice is the final outcome of the process of the law, whereby justice is distributed by the State. According to this definition, justice is the mechanical process of the structure of law – set in place and agreed to by the people of the State. Another definition is concerned with the value inherent in ‘just’ behavior. One distinction between these two definitions is the difference between an individual viewpoint and theRead MoreThe Effects Of Violence On Public Health Policy Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesViolence compromises physical health and threatens the safety of our communities (Public health policy paper). In our nation violence continues to cause premature death, disability and injury yet there are insufficient efforts to prevent it (Public health policy paper). Currently, our interventions to prevent violence occur after a violent crime has occurred. The focus is to incarcerate individuals who have committed a viole nt crime (public health policy paper). We are failing to fix the infrastructureRead MoreSocial Control And Bond Theory2770 Words   |  12 Pages Social control/bond theory was developed by Travis Hirschi in1969. The social control approach is one of the three major sociological perspectives in understanding crime in our contemporary criminology. The theory holds that individuals will break the law as a result of the breakdown of the social bonds (Akers Sellers, 2004, p. 16). Control theorists believe that an individual conformity to societal social values and rules produced by socialization and maintained through social ties toRead More Radical Criminology Essay2456 Words   |  10 PagesCriminal law involves prosecution by the state of a person for an act that has been classified as a crime (Criminal law, 2010). But who gets to decide what acts are criminal? It should be no surprise that the individuals with the most power do. For radical criminologists, the problem aris es in capitalist societies because it is in these societies where the means of production are owned privately by a small number of people. Based on the writings of Karl Marx, radical criminologists argue that theRead MoreThe Chicago School Applied For Terrorism1739 Words   |  7 PagesTerrorism Introduction As we all know, our vision and our hearts were imprinted by the heinous acts of violence on 9/11. The USA was assaulted by terrorist, and these acts of violence’s have continued ever since. It is like cancer, once you think you have parts of it under control it rears its ugly head and sprouts up somewhere else. The USA and other Nations like England fight against terrorism is always an overriding priority for the Department of Justice. They spend every waking hour, devoting

Psychoanalysis Essay Example For Students

Psychoanalysis Essay Sigmund Freud was the first to talk about psychoanalysis, a technique that allows an individual to recount dreams but what psychologists call free association. Free association is the individual saying whatever comes to mind when something is said. Psychoanalysts encourage the unconscious mind to recall scenes, thoughts, and to reconstruct past experiences that have shaped the patients present behavior. Freud states that the personality develops in a series of stages. On the same hand, if we resolve our conflicts that arise during our life as they happen, then psychological problems in the future will not occur. That what we believe are spur of the moment decisions etc. are really influenced by the unconscious. Psychodynamic theories are written in the individual, often outside the conscious mind. Human behavior is based on unconscious instincts. Some are aggressive and destructive while others are thirsting for the necessary tools to survive. In the same breath, he says that sexual instinct is the most critical factor for the development of our personality. According to Freud, personality is formed around these structures: the Id, ego, and the super ego. The Id or instinctual needs is the only structure present at birth and is unconscious. It is the collection of unconscious urges and desires that continually seek expression. The ego is the part of the personality that mediates bet ween environmental demands, which are reality, conscience or superego, and Id. It contains all the thinking and reasoning. Lastly, the super ego is the social and parental standards the individual has internalized or the moral conscience of the brain. This is not present at birth, but developed over a period of time. In conclusion, I feel psychoanalysis is a good way to understand why people do what they do, and how to recognize it and have the ability to change it. Although Freud made this discovery at the turn of the century it is still an effective way to deal with current problems some individuals may have. The article I chose was The Miseducation of the Negro. In this article, the author stated that Negroes are being denied everything relating to black culture in public schools. That they are taught everything from Hebrew to Latin but denied the rest. This article also determines that when talking to certain high class blacks they felt that it was not important to learn about there culture stating that, he didnt go to school to waste his time. When black courses were offered in summer schools etc. they consisted of material perceiving whites as being superior to blacks. It goes on to say that regardless of education a black couldnt make it that far because of the world they are going into. To sum up the article it claims that no matter how hard an African American works they wont get far because they are forced to go back to where they came from which is the group of people considered to be uneducated and unimportant. I do not agree with this article because I believe that blacks can g o anywhere they want to go. When the article was written that might have been the case but as the years have went on gradual change has come. With that change, comes more opportunities for educated people in general, and especially for black Americans. Bibliography:

Islam and Muslims free essay sample

India Policy Foundation Urdu Media is a Victim of Reactionism Secularism and democracy have been accepted by the collective consciousness of India. Both these things are associated with civilizational tradition, which is their strength and identity too. In all ups and downs; in favorable and not so favorable circumstances, historical community of India neither allowed commitment to go down for secularism and freedom of expression nor allowed any harm to them. There is a need to be cautious so that this side of civilization is not weaken and does not become victim of internal disruptions. Also there is a need to know, understand and analyze those propensities, forces and ideologies, which are making them hollow, by taking the help of secularism and provisions of Constitution. Obviously, the national media is expected to play a constructive role. The language and script of newspapers don’t change their national responsibility. Unfortunately a big group of Urdu media is attacking the collective consciousness. We will write a custom essay sample on Islam and Muslims or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In this edition of analysis by the India Policy Foundation, four main issues emerged and came forward. The first is the uproar in Kashmir and Europe over conversion. Hindu society is facing aggressive posture of extremist forces for centuries. Before independence, when Mahatma Gandhi’s eldest son was converted to Islam, Gandhi did not call it as change of heart but termed it as deception and use of money. In 1922-23, there was forced conversion in Malabar. After independence, role of petro doller was revealed in the conversion of the weak, poor and downtrodden in Meenakshipuram. Christian missionaries have been continuously indulging in conversion activities. During Nehru’s era, Niogi Commission was constituted to stop conversions but the report was put on back-burner under pressure from Christian missionaries. O. P. Tyagi had presented a bill in the Parliament, in 1978, to stop religious conversions, which was termed as an attack on the freedom of minorities. Even the Minority Commission, in one of its report, condemned religious conversion. But a section of intellectuals in the country supported conversion of poor and illiterate people as exercising freedom of religion. Opposition to conversion has been termed by so-called minority as ‘Hindu Fascism’, ‘Hindu Communalism’ and ‘minority opposition’. But just one incident in Kashmir exposed the real face of the so-called liberals. The valley is in a kind of crusade after Christian missionaries converted some India Policy Foundation 1 of the Muslims to Christianity. Sharia court has issued fatwa against Christian priests and Chief Minister, Omar Abdullah has declared conversion as anti-secular. Considering this, there is a need to revive O. P. Tyagi’s bill on conversion. Is the conversion of Hindus secular and conversion of others anti-secular? How long will the double standard in India continue? The second issue that Urdu newspapers have taken up vociferously is Salman Rushdie’s invitation to the Jaipur Literary Festival. Libya, Turkey and some other countries have lifted the ban on Satanic Verses but judging by the way, Urdu media have opposed it, they are standing separately from the national media. Does this kind of movement strengthen secularism or weaken it? This is the question posed before the intellectuals of the country. Rushdie’s case is just an extension of the way in which the government surrendered before radicals in Shah Bano case. Last year, there was a similar hue and cry by Deoband against Ghulam Mohammed Vastanvi -the then liberal rector of Darul Uloom. This year, the demand to stop Rushdie’s entry to India also came from Deoband. The third issue is the success of Islamic extremism in elections of the Arab countries. Several newspapers have shown it as victory of Islamic forces over secular forces and expressed happiness by welcoming it. What does it indicate? What kind of mentality does it show? The fourth question is the game of percentage of reservation for Muslims just before the Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections. All Urdu newspapers have shown disagreement, anger and discontentment at just 4. 5 percent reservation for Muslims, under the OBC quota. They feel that reservation on the basis of religion and in proportion to population is the only right approach. Those who have the knowledge of history very well know what the end result of such demand is. There is a need to adopt progressive outlook and strengthen the country’s secularism and democracy. This is not possible by dreams, image politics or escapism but rather by strong intellectualism, political activism and ease. Prof. Rakesh Sinha India Policy Foundation 2 I Urdu media’s tirade against Rushdie The Urdu media extensively covered Salman Rushdie’s proposed visit to India for more than two weeks. During this time, there was not a single Urdu newspaper that did not publish 10-15 news reports daily against Rushdie. This movement was started with the statement of Darul Uloom, Deoband’s rector Abul Qasim Naumani. He had threatened the government that if Rushdie is allowed to enter the country, results are going to be dangerous. This news report was prominently displayed in Urdu Times of Mumbai and Akhbar Mashriq of Delhi. Lucknow edition of Urdu Times, in its January 14 issue, prominently published fatwa of Darul Uloom Firangi Mahal in which Muslims were instructed to vehemently oppose Rushdie’s visit. Dainik Inquilab, in its January 14 issue, published news attributing Maharashtra’s Minister of Minority Affairs, Arif Nasheem Khan’s request to the Central government that Rushdie’s PIO card should be cancelled and he should be banned in India permanently. Urdu Times, in its special editorial on January 11, said that whether the government is the BJP or the Congress, everyone is using Israel’s intelligence agency, Mosad, to deal with Indian Muslims and it is a shameful reality. Rushdie has always been the enemy of Islam and the faith but India has never stopped him from coming to the country. Another enemy of Islam, Taslima Nasreen has also been given protection by the Indian government. Why does the government want to attack the emotions of Muslims? We want to tell Muslims ministers in the government to decide if they love the government or the holy faith {Rasul} and if they love the holy faith they must rebel against the government. India Policy Foundation 3 According to Delhi-based Dainik Sahafat, Union law minister Salman Khurshid made a statement that since Rushdie carries PIO card, it is difficult to stop him. And if someone has objection over his visit to the country, they can always go to the court. The same newspaper reported, while criticizing Khurshid, that whether it’s Salman Khurshid or Salman Rushdie, both are enemies of Islam. Punishment for showing disrespect to Holy Quran or Hazarat Muhammad Sahib is death. The Law Minister is a Muslim for namesake. Distancing himself from this controversy, he clarified that Rushdie cannot be stopped on legal grounds. The question is: why can’t his PIO card be cancelled? Roznama Rashtriya Sahara in its editorial on January 20, 2012 wrote that we cannot tolerate a person, who spits venom against Islam and Muslims in our country. The editorial justifies the stand taken by Jamiat Ulama e Hind, President Arshad Madni that if the Congress has to win elections then it should not draw the wrath of the community. Dainik Inquilab, in its January 21 issue, published a lead report with the headline ‘Protest Bore Fruit, Rushdie’s Visit Cancelled’. The newspaper published a statement by Arshad Madni in which cancellation of Salman Rushdie’s visit to India was termed as a victory of Indian Muslims. He also demanded that permanent provisions should be made so that Rushdie and Taslima Nasreen are not allowed to enter into the country. In this issue of the newspaper, chief of Barailwy Samachar, Tauqir Raza Khan’s statement is published in which he said that Rushdie is a coward and so he is afraid of Islamic Jehadis. Dainik Hamara Samaj in its January 21 issue published a news report with a headline ‘Freedom from Rushdie Fever’. Ten more news reports have been published against Rushdie in the same issue. Dainik Shahafat, in its January 21, issue published news report with a headline ‘Saitan Rushdie is Afraid of Fidayen Islam, Refuses to go to Jaipur’. Hindustan Express published a report about a demonstration against Rushdie on January 21 issue along with a picture. Roznama Rashtriya Sahara published a new report on January 21 with the headline ‘Rushdie’s Jaipur Visit was Cancelled Due to Heavy Pressure from Muslims’. Darul Uloom, Deoband’s demand for permanent ban on Rushdie’s visits to India was also published. Akhbar Mashriq in its editorial on January 18 said that the government was forced to bow before the strength of Muslims. Urdu Times wrote in its editorial on January 18 that Saitan Rushdie’s face is blackened. The newspaper appealed to the Muslims of the country that the movement must continue till the PIO card of Rushdie is cancelled. India Policy Foundation 4 Dainik Inquilab on January 14 issue published six new reports regarding protest against Rushdie while Hindustan Express published seven news reports in this regard. Dainik Sahafat published six news reports and Roznam Rashtriya Sahara published eight new reports. On January 23, Hindustan Express in its editorial said that Rushdie is a coward and is afraid of getting killed by the hands of brave Muslims. The newspaper complained that the government is a puppet in the hands of the majority community as on one hand, it refused to keep M F Hussain in the country and on the other hand. it is protecting Taslima Nasreen. Akhbar Mashriq termed the cancellation of Rushdie’s visit as a great success of Indian Muslims. It further said that Muslims would embrace death but would not allow Rushdie in the country. Urdu Times, on January 19 issue, complained that a false propaganda is being unleashed against the community, stating that Muslims are indulged into anti-national activities by protesting against Rushdie’s entry into India. There was a news report in Hindustan Express in which All India Muslim Misawarat Board President, Maulana Shalim Quasmi, demanded permanent ban on the entry of Rushdie into India. Dainik Inquilab in its January 23 issue wrote that people who have read excerpts from the book Satanic Verses in the so-called literary event are actually enemy of the country and want riots in the country. Roznama Rashtriya Sahara on January 26 wrote that the name of Rushdie is being highlighted because the Congress wants to come to power where assembly elections are being held. There was a report on January 25 in the same newspaper attributing Rushdie that ban on the book was withdrawn in Libya and Turkey. He said: â€Å"I am not the enemy of Islam rather Deobandis are enemies of Islam and want to defame Islam. † Dainik Inquilab on January 12 published a news report claiming that Lok Janshakti Party MLA in the Delhi Assembly demanded a ban on Rushdie’s visit to India. He threatened that if Rushdie comes to the country blood will be spilled on roads and the responsibility will be of the government. India Policy Foundation 5 II Fatwa against Christian priests for conversion According to Dainik Hind Samachar, on January 21, 2012, Sharia court of Jammu and Kashmir issued a fatwa demanding a curb on the activities of Christian priests in the Valley. Under pressure from extremists, the Jammu and Kashmir government lodged the case against five Christian priests for alluring people to conversion. Chief Minister Omar Abdullah claimed that there is a tension among Kashmiri Muslims due to such activities of Christian priests. Mumbai-based Urdu Times published a news report on January 20 in which it was said that Srinagar’s Sharia court issued a fatwa that three Christian priests should be ousted from the valley and a close watch is required on Christian missionary schools. According to Mufti Bashiruddin of Jammu and Kashmir, no one will be allowed to participate in anti-Islamic activities in the valley. He said that schools run by Christians must have a period to preach Islamic teachings. It should be made compulsory to sing songs written by Sheikh Iqbal in the school assembly. According to the newspaper, the Sharia court has videotapes in which Muslim men and women were allured and were cheated to convert. Jamait e Islami passed a resolution in which it categorically said that any activity that is supposed to drive Muslims away from Islam is not acceptable. Christian priests will not be allowed to convert Muslims to Christianity at any cost. Dainik Pratap on January 23 informed that Christian priest C M Khanna who escaped from Srinagar told reporters that he has a life threat from Muslim fanatics and this was the reason why he ran away from the Valley to Jammu. He refuted that Muslims are being converted in the valley. He complained that the government is under pressure from Islamic extremists and cases against Christian priests are false. India Policy Foundation 6 III Thirty thousand Britons under the refuge of Islam Dainik Munsif of Hyderabad on July 23 published a news report in which Arab news agency Al Jazeera was quoted that in the last nine years around 30 thousand Britons gave up Christianity for Islam and half of them are women. News agency Samvad informed that on an average 5500 Christians are accepting Islam every year in Britain. Germany and France too have an average 4000 person getting converted to Islam. The report claims that the number of people going to church is declining but the number of people going to mosque is on the rise. The number of women among Namazies also increased. Women who have converted to Islam are mostly teachers in University and colleges and students. IV Islamic missionary expelled from Sri Lanka Hyderabad-based Dainik Munsif published a news report, on January 23, 2012, that the Sri Lanka government has expelled 150 Islamic missionaries belonging to India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Maldives and Arab countries from their country. Controller of Immigrations, Chola Nanda, informed that these missionaries of Islam came on tourist visa but were propagating Islam in the island nation. V Construction of Kadiyani Mosque stopped According to Hyderabad-based Siyasat, on January 21, 2012, Muslim organizations forcefully stopped the construction work of a mosque that was being built in Afzalganj area by Kadiyanis under the instruction of Waqf board chairman, Khusro Pasa. It is considered important to inform India Policy Foundation’s readers that Kadiyani sect is a part of a Muslim society, started by a Muslim man Mirza Ghulam Ahmed, in Punjab. He claimed that he is a prophet called Imam Mehndi and there have been four caliphates till now. The fourth Caliph is living a secluded life in London India Policy Foundation 7 due to fear from extremists. This sect has its headquarters in Rabua near Jhang Nagar. However, its main headquarters is at Kadia in Gurudaspur. In Pakistan, around 1 lakh people, called kafirs in Pakistan, from the Kadiyani sect were killed during riots in 1980. Organisations like Jamiat Ulama e Hind and Jamiat Islamai in India have been putting pressure on the Indian government to declare them non-believer. Around two months ago, Kadiyani sect people announced an exhibition on Quran but due to protest from Imam Bhukhari and other extremists, the government was forced to cancel the exhibition. Now, the Saudi Arabian government has put a ban on haj by Kadiyanis, under pressure from the India Muslims. VI Women without Burqua not allowed in Saudi Arab As per the news reports published in Hyderabad-based Dainik Munsif, on January 4, 2012, the Shah of Arab issued an order that Muslim women venturing out of their houses without Burqa is banned. This has also been mentioned in the order that men are not allowed to sell women’s undergarments. Shah has instructed all the departmental stores in the country to replace all male salesmen with women. However, Ulema of Saudi Arabia criticized the move. VII Rs 54 lakh to Muslim men arrested in Mecca Mosque blast case Dainik Munsif on January 7, 2012 published a news report in which it claimed that all the 61 Muslim men arrested in connection of Mecca mosque blast case were acquitted, after Aseemanand accepted his involvement in the crime. The state government has given Rs 54 lakh as compensation to these people, which was distributed by Andhra Pradesh Minority Affairs Minister, Mohammad Ahmadullah. India Policy Foundation 8 VIII Fatwa against Surya Namaskar There was a news report published in Dainik Inquilab on January 12, 2012 that Muslim intelligentsia has issued a fatwa against Surya Namaskar by terming it as antiIslamic. The Madhya Pradesh government declared to start Surya Namaskar in every school. It has reported that 12 Muslim intellectuals alleged that the government is saffronising education. Madhya Pradesh Education Minister Archana Chitnis announced that Surya Namaskar is not forced on anyone. Fatwa tells that in Islam, except Allah, a Muslim is not supposed to bow before anyone. IX Demand for Muslim Reservation Delhi-based Hamara Samaj on January 24 published a news report in which the All India Muslim Federation demanded that the government must declare 20 percent reservation for Muslims across the country. In a conference organized in Lucknow, the federation’s chief, Quazi Naseem Ahmed, said that anything less than 20 percent reservation for Muslims is not accepted. He also demanded that Islamic education should be free from Right to Education. X No one can get power in Uttar Pradesh without Muslims Hamara Samaj’s January 23 issue appealed Muslims to vote for that party which is ready to give reservation to Muslims as per the proportion of its population. The newspaper complained that Mulayam Singh Yadav has cheated Muslims. He had promised to give 18 percent reservation to Muslims after coming to power but it was not mentioned in his party’s manifesto. It reported that the way in which Dalits are getting reservation in proportion to their population, Muslims should also be given reservation in proportion to their population and only that party would come to power in UP that takes care of the right of the Muslim community. India Policy Foundation 9 XI Coup attempted in Bangladesh Delhi-based Akhbar Mashriq published a news report on the main page that 16 soldiers have been arrested in Bangladesh in their attempt to dislodge Sheikh Hasina government in the country. The newspaper informed that all the arrested men are connected to terrorist organisations. Government spokesperson Brigadier Masood Razak claimed that there is a possibility of arresting more guilty officials and all the arrested men have connection with militant Islamic terrorist organisation. XII Jamaite Islami targeted in Bangladesh Dawat claimed in its January 24, 2012 issue that Jamait e Islami’s former chief Prof. Dr. Ghulam Azam has been arrested and more than 30,000 workers of the organisation have been put behind bars. During Khalida Zia’s rule, the organisation was in power but Sheikh Hasina wants to establish a secular government in the country by crushing the voice of Islam. Books propagating Jamait e Islami in Bangladesh are banned and supporters of Islam in the army and administration are being targeted. The Awami League government has banned all the newspapers supporting Jamait e Islami and Islam. By taking the help of 60-year-old cases, Islamic leaders are falsely implicated. Their cases are in the International War Tribunal. After Mujiburahman took over, there was bloodshed in Bangladesh and more than 60 lakh non-Bengali people had lost property and valuables. India Policy Foundation 10 XIII Inciting communal violence Sahafat has published inflammatory news report, on January 28, 1012 on its front page that says restriction on offering prayer in a mosque in Old Fort but worship in the temple continues. With this news report, pictures of the mosque and Bhairo Temple are also published. The newspaper complained that there is partiality with Muslims and they are treated like a second-grade citizen. This is interesting to note that the mosque mentioned is inside the fort and is at least 700-year-old and is under the control of Archeological Survey of India while the temple is outside the fort and the building is not that old so the provisions of ASI is not implemented on it. XIV Corruption charges against the son of the top leader in Iran On January 16, 2012, Akhbar Mashriq published a news report in which the President of Iran, Mehmood Ahmadinizad, alleged that the top religious leader Ayatullah Khomaini’s son Muzitaba Khomaini is involved in 1006000000 Euro scam causing loss to the Iran’s coffer. The Iranian president’s statement was published on reformist’s website, Jaras. It is also known that report of Murtza Khomaini’s account in foreign banks was also published in a French newspaper, Lebra Al Sevan. According to Jaras, there is an allegation on Ashfand Yar Mustai that he is involved in a $2 crore scam causing loss to the government exchequer. It was reported that the President informed Deputy Secretary, Ibrahim Raisee, minister intelligence, Haider Multahi and chief of the investigating authority, Mustafa Noor Mohammadi in a secret meeting. It also said that during the meeting corruption charges against Murtza Khomaini was also discussed. India Policy Foundation 11 XV What if you are a Muslim? Delhi-based Rojnama Rashtriya Sahara wrote in its editorial, on January 19, 2012, that the time of election is tough for Muslims. Except Muslims, everyone knows where they are supposed to vote. Dalits know very well to whom they have to vote for. Similarly, Yadavs, Jats, Brahmins, Banias and Thakurs also know to whom they have to vote. But Muslims cut the root of their own candidate. Almost all the political parties gave tickets to Muslims, asking for votes for the community. Now, the question that needs to be asked is that why a Muslim should vote for all the elected MPs and MLAs, irrespective of their party’s loyalty. Muslims voted for them to fight for their cause but under the party’s pressure, they forgot the issue concerning Muslim. Why should Muslims vote for them? XVI New office bearers of Muslim Mazlis Mishrawat Rojnama Rashtriya Sahara claimed, on its January 18, 2012 issue, that Dr Zafarul Islam Khan has been nominated as the president of Muslim Mazlish Misrawat. Apart from that 20 new executive members have also been nominated. Maulana Mohammad Zafar, Hakim Mohammad Irfan al Hasni, Hafiz Rasheed Choudhary and Maulana Syed Aqeel Al Zabi are the new vice presidents. Four new general secretaries have also been nominated. They are Aizaz Ahmed Aslam, Arshi Khan, Mohammad Sulaiman and Mohammad Rasheed. XVII Opening of Israel consulate in Bangaluru was opposed Mumbai-based Dainik Urdu Times, on January 14, 2012, published news report on its front page about the protest against the opening of consulate of Israel in Bengaluru. President, Indian Union Muslim League, Prof Naseer Ahmed criticized Union Foreign Affairs Minister, S M Krishna’s visit to Israel. He alleged that the UPA government is rubbing salt on the wounds of Muslims. India Policy Foundation 12 XVIII Permanent accommodation for hajis in Mecca Dainik Inquilab published a news report on January 20, 2012 in which it was reported that All India Haj Committee chairperson Mohsina Kidwai informed reporters that the Indian government is in talks with the Saudi Arab government for the construction of permanent building in the country for hajis. It is estimated that around one lakh hajis will be able to get accommodation in the building. The government approved to bear the burden in the construction of the building. XIX Are Muslims just a vote-bank? Hyderabad-based Munsif on January 17, 2012 published a report that Muslims play an important role in the formation of government in Uttar Pradesh. This is the reason that all the political parties try to play the Muslim card. Mayawati has given ticket to 85 Muslim candidates while last time it was just 16. The Congress’ foolish decision to give Muslims reservation is causing the party very dear. This was the reason why Salman Khurshid was forced to announce that if the Congress forms the government in the state, Muslims will get 9 per cent reservation. The question is: why all the political parties had suddenly become well-wisher of Muslims with the coming of elections. The truth is that Muslims are just a vote bank for political parties who used them to get power. No one is sympathetic to them. If the Congress is honest then, why doesn’t it implement Rangnath Mishra Commission report? Why are the killers of Babri mosque out in open? Why the accused of Gujarat riots are being saved? Muslim voters of the country are awakened and they know how honest political parties are, on the issue concerning Muslims. Therefore Muslims must cast their vote very wisely for their benefit. India Policy Foundation 13 XX Shiela Dikshit: Enemy of Muslims Roznama Rashtriya Sahara published a report on January 25, 2012 in which Shiela Dikshit stated that if Salman Rushdie comes to India, we will welcome him. Muslim organisations criticized her for this statement and she was declared enemy of Islam. Lok Janshakti MLA in Delhi Assembly Soab Iqbal demanded an apology from Dikshit. Okhla MPL Asif Mohammad Khan said that Dikshit is playing with the sentiments of Muslims. This will not be tolerated at any cost. All India Muslim Ekta President Hazi Iqram Hussain and All India Muslim Mazlish Misrawat General Secretary have also criticized Dikshit’s statement and said that Muslims of the country would not tolerate such kind of anti Islamic statement. XXI Differences in Muslim League Sahafat on January 15, 2012 published a news report on the front page in which serious differences in the Muslim League were reported. The Muslim League, led by E Ahmed, is planning to file candidates for the coming elections in Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand. While the Indian Union Muslim League, led by Dr Bashir Ahmed, also decided to file his candidates in these states. XXII Muslim Unity is a Must Sahafat on January 23, 2012 published a news report attributing Rajya Sabha deputy chairman K Rahman Khan in which he appealed that Muslims should not consider themselves as minority, instead they should consider themselves as the second largest majority. He claimed that Muslims are 18 per cent of the total population of the country but they haven’t got justice till now. It is important that Muslims elect as many Muslim MPs and MLAs as possible. Muslims vote bank should not be divided. Until this happens, Muslims would not get justice. India Policy Foundation 14 XXIII Islamic Law Dainik Hamara Samaj published a report on January 23, 2012 attributing Constitutional Right Protection Movement convener, Maulana Wahi Ullah, in which he threatened if anyone interfere in Muslim personal law, they would sacrifice their lives. He said that the movement is being led by Muslim Personnel Law Board in the entire country. He said: â€Å"We will give our life to save Islam and Sharia. † XXIV Islamic Parties will Form the Government in Egypt In the editorial of Urdu Times, in its January 9, 2012 issue, the newspaper expressed happiness over the formation of the government in Egypt by the pro-Islamic parties. The newspaper also claimed that people that came to power in Turkey and Tunisia are strong believers of Islam and its principles. A new Islamic era has started in the Arab world. The unholy attempt by Mustafa Kamal Pasha to drive away people of Turkey from Islam has failed. Roots of Islam are very deep in the hearts of the people of Turkey and no one can uproot them. This is the reason why Turkey has a Pro-Islamic government. As far as Egypt is concerned, Zamal Abdul Nasir Saddat and Hosni Mubarak tried to crush Islamic supporters Akhwanul Musalmin but in the recent election pro-Islamic forces were vehemently supported. The newspaper warned that western countries are enemy of Islam. They don’t want any Islamic party to come to power. And whenever any such party comes to power, they start conspiring against it. There was a pro-Islamic government in Algeria but the US did not allow it to function. In the same way pro-Islamic Hammas government was strangulated in Philistine. It also demanded Egypt to snap all its ties with Israel. There was another news report on the front page with the headline ‘Pro-Islam will Form the Government in Egypt’. According to it, Akhwanul Musalmin won 48 per cent seats in the Egyptian Parliament. Other parties that have tasted success are Al Nawar and Wafad Party. Three other successful parties are pro-Islamic. The newspaper also informed that secular forces have disappeared and only three Christians have won. Egypt has once again supported Islamic parties. India Policy Foundation 15 XXV Israel is worried about success of followers of Islam In the editorial of Dainik Inquilab, on January 24, 2012, it said that Israel is worried about the success of the Islamic forces in Egypt. The US supported democratic forces in Egypt with the hope that hatred against Jews and western countries will subside but the way in which Islamic forces emerged in Tunisia, Libya, Syria and Egypt, the US policy failed completely. Dreams of America and Israel are broken with pro-Islamic forces capturing around 80 per cent seats. Now, radical,Akhwanul Musalmin, will form the government in the country. The case in Libya is also similar. XXVI Rahul Gandhi meets Urdu Editors Dainik Inquilab published a news report, on the front page, with the headline ‘Sangh Pariwar is Responsible for Depriving Muslims from Their Rights’. Illegal arrests have been accepted but refused to discuss Batla House encounter’. Rahul Gandhi said that atrocities against Muslims would not be repeated in the state. The newspaper informed that Rahul secretly met with editors of Urdu Newspapers of Delhi and Lucknow at his residence. The meeting lasted for one-and-half-hour. He said that the administration is full of officials with RSS ideology. They are not ready to accept that innocent Muslims are put in jail. They are not ready to accept acquitted Muslim youth in Malegoan blast case as innocent. Gandhi clearly stated that communal forces always trouble Muslims, which is exploited by the officials. He said that his party wanted to give its due to the Muslim community. He alleged that Sangh leaders are baffled with their cadres’ name in the terror blast accused list and to divert the attention of the people, Anna movement was started. Rahul alleged that Anna movement was being fanned by anti-Congress people in the media. He appealed to the Urdu Media that they must bring to notice problems of Muslims before the government as they are not getting representation in the governance and this is the reason why they are lagging behind. He claimed that no injustice would be done to Muslims. The Congress will do justice to them. Akhbar Nav’s editor M Afzal, Jadeed Khabar’s editor Masoom Mooradabadi, Roznama Aag’s editor Ibrahin Alvi, Jadeed Marqaz’s editor Hisam Siddiqui, Akhbar Masrikh’s editor Wasimul Haque, Rojnama Rashtriya Sahara editor Asad Raza, Inquilab’s editor Shaqil Hasan Samsi, Siyasat Zadid’s editor Irshad Ilmi attented the meeting. Congress leaders Safuddin Soz, Rashid Masood, Raj Babbar and Rajiv Shukla were also present in the meeting. India Policy Foundation 16 India Policy Foundation India Policy Foundation

Guide to Microteaching

Guide to Microteaching Microteaching is a teacher training technique that allows student teachers to practice and refine their teaching skills in a low-risk, simulated classroom environment. The method,  also used for retraining or fine-tuning the skills of practicing teachers,  was developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s by Dwight Allen at Stanford University. How Microteaching Works Microteaching sessions involve one student teacher, the class instructor (or school supervisor), and a small group of peers. These sessions allow student teachers to practice and polish their teaching techniques in a simulated environment  before putting them into practice with students. Using the teaching method, which was revised and simplified in the late 1980s and early 1990s, student teachers conduct a short lesson (usually 5-20 minutes in length). Microteaching  sessions focus on one teaching skill at a time. This singular focus provides the opportunity for student teachers to master each  technique by  planning and teaching the same lesson multiple times, making  adjustments based on peer and instructor  feedback.   Benefits of Microteaching Microteaching provides ongoing training for student teachers and retraining for classroom teachers in a simulated environment. These practice sessions enable student teachers to perfect their teaching techniques before applying them in the classroom. Microteaching sessions also allow student teachers to prepare for a variety of classroom scenarios, including working with students of different skill levels and socioeconomic backgrounds. Lastly, microteaching provides valuable opportunities for self-evaluation and peer feedback. Disadvantages of Microteaching Microteaching is considered one of the most effective techniques for teacher training, but it does have a few drawbacks. Most significantly, microteaching requires the presence of an instructor and a group of peers, which means that not all student teachers (or current teachers) can consistently complete microteaching sessions. Ideally, microteaching sessions are repeated multiple times so that the student teacher can refine his or her skills. However, in larger education programs, there may not be time for all student teachers to complete multiple sessions. The Microteaching Cycle Microteaching is accomplished cyclically, allowing teachers to practice new skills in order to attain mastery. Classroom Instruction First, student teachers learn the basics of  an individual through lectures,  textbooks, and demonstration (via an instructor or video lessons). Skills studied include communication, explanation, lecturing, and engaging students. They may also include organization, illustrating lessons with examples, and answering student questions. Lesson Planning Next, the student teacher plans a short lesson that will enable her to practice these new skills in a mock classroom situation. Though the classroom environment is simulated, teachers should consider their presentation an actual lesson and present it in an engaging, logical, and understandable manner. Teaching and Feedback The teacher conducts the lesson for her instructor and peer group. The session is recorded so that the student can watch it later for self-evaluation. Immediately following the microteaching session, the teacher receives feedback from her instructor and peers. Peer  feedback should be specific and balanced (include  observations on strengths as well as weaknesses)  with the goal of helping the student teacher improve. It’s helpful for peers to focus on their personal experience using â€Å"I† statements and to provide specific detail in their feedback. For example, when providing constructive criticism, I had trouble hearing you at times is more helpful than â€Å"You need to speak louder.† When offering praise, â€Å"I felt confident commenting because you made eye contact with me† is more helpful than You engage well with students.† Re-plan and Reteach Based on peer feedback and self-evaluation, the student teacher plans the same lesson and teaches it a  second time. The goal is to incorporate feedback from the first  microteaching  session to  master the  skill being practiced. The second teaching session is recorded just like the first. At the conclusion, the instructor and peers offer feedback, and the student teacher can watch the recording for self-evaluation. Microteaching often results in better-prepared, more confident teachers with a strong working understanding of the skills they need in the classroom.

Book Titles from Shakespeare

Book Titles from Shakespeare Book Titles from Shakespeare Book Titles from Shakespeare By Maeve Maddox When I was receiving my secondary education in a small Arkansas high school many years ago, every student was expected to study four Shakespeare plays before graduating: Grade 9: Julius Caesar Grade 10: As You Like It Grade 11: Romeo and Juliet Grade 12: Macbeth Our study included the memorization of at least one soliloquy and numerous shorter passages from each play. Most high school students had at least some of these quotations embedded in their brains and uttered them even when teachers werent around. Two favorites were Out, out damned spot, and Wilt thou leave me so unsatisfied? Not surprisingly, writers who grew up when Shakespeare was still an important part of the English curriculum made use of some of these phrases when it came to naming their novels. I wonder what store of title material tomorrows novelists will draw on. Memorization of passages from the plays has been in decline for some time. Ive seen episodes of C.S.I. in which Grissom quotes familiar lines from Macbeth or Julius Caesar and his thirty-something colleagues express amazement at what to them is arcane learning. According to a 2007 survey of 70 universities by the American Council of Trustees and Alumni, only 15 require their English majors to take a course in Shakespeare. Require? I find it difficult to imagine an English major who wouldnt insist on being offered a course in Shakespeare. And Chaucer. And Beowulf. And Latin. But Im a geezer. Heres a criticism I came across on the web. I think its probably a common view these days. †¦Shakespeare is no longer English. It is written in a redundant tongue that nobody uses anymore, and takes quite a bit of concentration to understand. Why are we teaching children in English classes to read something that they will have no use for? These stories are several hundred years old and are no longer relevant linguistically and contextually. It is a new millennium. Shakespeare has enjoyed a 450-year popularity. Maybe it is time to remove his work from the general curriculum. Twelve years of public education do not necessarily equate to what used to be an adult level of literacy. Ive encountered college freshman who thought the writing of George Orwell was couched in a redundant tongue that took quite a bit of concentration to understand. Students who have trouble with Orwell are certainly going to be flummoxed by Shakespeare. Still, writers of the past knew their Shakespeare. Here are some titles drawn from the plays. Can you spot the play that the title comes from? 1. The Moon Is Down, John Steinbeck 2. Gaudy Night, Dorothy Sayers 3. Under the Greenwood Tree, Thomas Hardy 4 And Be a Villain, Rex Stout 5 Something Wicked This Way Comes, Ray Bradbury 6 Pale Fire, Vladimir Nabokov 7 Band of Brothers, Stephen Ambrose 8 The Dogs of War, Frederick Forsyth 9 There is a Tide, Agatha Christie 10 By the Pricking of My Thumbs, Agatha Chrstie 11 Not in Our Stars, M. M. Marshall 12 Chimes at Midnight, Terence White 13 The Mousetrap, Agatha Christie 14 Twice-Told Tales, Nathaniel Hawthorne 15 A Muse of Fire, A.D. Harvey 16 Strange Snow, Steve Metcalfe 17 Walk the Night, Robert C. Reinhart 18 A Plague on Both Your Houses, Robert. W. Whitaker 19 The Sound and the Fury, William Faulkner 20 Dagger of the Mind, Star Trek episode Look for the answers tomorrow. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Punctuating â€Å"So† at the Beginning of a SentenceThe Letter "Z" Will Be Removed from the English AlphabetThe Uses of â€Å"The†

The Influence of The Parity Brands In Taiwan Assignment

The Influence of The Parity Brands In Taiwan - Assignment Example A research was conducted by Cheung to analyze the perception of customers on products based on various parameters like product quality, price, leadership and the difference of the brands based on the origins. Comparisons of this attributes have been carried out between national brands, international private labels, and local private labels. The hypothesis which was held for the research was that the overall quality of the products of the national brands were superior than the products which was manufactured in Taiwan but had international labels, whereas the quality of the international brands were higher than the local private labels. The second hypothesis held in the research conducted was that consumers view that the price of the national brands is higher than that of the products of the international private labels, whereas the price of the international private labels is higher than that of the local private labels. The third hypothesis for the research was that consumers had th e conception that national brands account for superior brand leadership in comparison to the international and local private label brands. The fourth and the final hypothesis for the research conducted by Cheng et al was that the brand personality of the international private brands was superior to that of the national brands and the local private labels. The research was based on primary survey and collected the views of 254 respondents all above the age of 16. The research method was based on systematic sampling and the data was gathered from the main railway station of Taipei which is located in Taiwan. In the research conducted much analysis has been done on the context of the quality of the products perceived by the customers and the factor of price has also been considered.  The study reveals that the economy of the Taiwan creates an interest among the multinational organizations to invest in the country. Owing to the flexible structure of investment, major brands have opened their business in the country. In matters of fashion brand and retail clothing, the local market is found to be largely hampered by the operation of multinational brands like Zara and Uniqlo.  Ã‚   The local brands failed to deliver the quality of the product at a lower price in comparison to the international brands and the marketing strategy of the foreign brands was also instrumental in capturing the market.

Debt to Equity Ratio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Debt to Equity Ratio - Essay Example This essay discusses that  the calculation of the debt to equity ratio is as straightforward as its definition. The ratio is computed by taking an entity’s total liabilities and dividing it by the company’s equity. The total liabilities and equity used are got from the statement of financial position of the company on discussion. A company’s equity is the amount of capital the shareholders or owners of the business have put in the business. It is determined by subtracting the total liabilities from the company’s total assets. It is best if the debt to equity ratio is kept within a reasonable range. If the ratio is very high, it is an indication that the business can be in a financial distress and maybe in leverage problem where it can find it had to offset its debtors. On the other hand, if the ratio is to low, it implies that the company is heavily relying on the entity’s equity to finance its operations.  According to the report findings  lo ans acquired from lenders come with an interest payment, which must be paid together with the principal loan amount. The advantage of financing a company’s operation through debt finance is that the company can deduct the interest payments in its tax returns. On the other hand financing the company’s operations through equity makes the company at an obligation to earn return and increase the shareholder wealth. Company’s should therefore strike a balance between the debt and equity use to run the operations of their businesses.

Prevention of Problems and Establishment of Positive Relationship Essay Example for Free

Prevention of Problems and Establishment of Positive Relationship Essay As a teacher, I believe that communication is one of the most important tools in teaching. Communication happened during classroom discussions and whenever the teacher and the students discuss issues in the class (Laslett and Smith 1984). Just like in the family, an open communication aids the students and the teacher in understanding, respecting and listening to what each other have to say. Everything especially the classroom procedure should be discussed appropriately in order to avoid misunderstanding and conflicts. If the students are fully aware about the procedures, then they will be able to avoid committing bad behavior or disobedience. Through open communication, students and teachers can establish a healthy relationship. In addition, teachers should not be too strict to foster a friendly environment conducive for teaching and learning. Criticisms should be done in a constructive way so that students will not get embarrassed but will be motivated to do better. I also believe that praises and positive suggestions are recommended to let the students know that their works are valued. Dealing with different types of students is one of the challenging aspects of being a teacher. In the same manner, this is also a way to learn and to develop the skills as a teacher by merely addressing the different needs of the students and coming up with a best strategy that will be effective for the entire class. Since not all the students are of the same level in terms of academic abilities, a flexible strategy is needed to address all the needs of the students without taking for granted their differences. The following are the different types of students that a teacher can encounter as well as my ways on how to deal with them. As a teacher, it is difficult to deal with students who hardly understand everything that a teacher is saying. Examples of these students are exchanged students from China, Spain, Japan and other countries who have different language. As a general rule, it is very important that the students understand the teacher very well in order to make learning more efficient (Pagewise 2002). Â  To provide a more effective learning, I primarily suggest that these students should undergo an English language and communication class so that the will learn more about the language or even at least know the meaning of the basic words. I would also recommend them to interact more often with their classmates and to participate regularly in the discussions so that they can exercise their skills in communicating in English. As a teacher, I may have the option to appoint them as group leaders so that they will be able to talk in class and get comfortable with the language.

Why Australia Joined World War I In 1914 :: World War I History

Why Australia Joined World War I In 1914 In 1914, Australia joined the First World War. Although it was seen as a European war, the Australia government decided that Australia should support its 'Mother Country', Britain. The prime-minister at the time, Joseph Cook, stated Australia's position : "Whatever happens, Australia is a part of the Empire, right to the full. When the Empire is at war, Australia is at war." Many Australians objected to the country's involvement in the war, but the majority of the population agreed with the government's decision. Australia joined the war for many reasons, but two main reasons were : Australia (as a counry) felt a loyalty towards the 'mother country', Britaain and that the war would be a good opportunity to improve Ausrtalia's international reputation. Many individual Australians also joined the war for a variety of reasons. Some felt a strong loyalty to Britain who had supported Australia, and now, they felt, was the time for them to 'do their bit'. Others enlsted simply to prove they were brave enough to fight, but some enlisted because their friends had. Some simply enlisted because they needed a job, pay, and regular meals, but many enlisted in the army for an adventure, not knowing the true horrors of war. Private A.J. McSparrow (former railway worker from Parramatta, NSW), was one of the many men whwo enlisted because he felt that it was his duty to support the 'mother country' ..."I have (enlisted) ... and I don't regret it in the very least. I believe that it is every young fellow's duty" and "... we are the sort of men who should go."Private Antill enli sted because he needed the money, clothes and food and also because it was easier work than cabinet making ..."I tell you what I have just joined the Australan army ... it's not bad money here 5/- a day and clothes and food that's nearly as good as cabinet making and not half as hard."Lieutenant D.G. Armstrong (former bank clerk from Kyneton, Victoria), thought that the war would be great opportunity to prove his strength and to show that he was not a coward..."I am going to have a try for the war ... I think I ought to go, they want all they can get and ... I think it's the greatest opportunity for a chap to make a man of himself, those that come back from this war will be men of the right sort that anybody would be proud of.

Mental Models Essay

Mental models are how the mind stores memories and ideas relating to reality. These include opinions, attitudes, prejudices, and approaches to different objects, events, and situations. The manner in which one’s mental models work can limit one’s ability to succeed or improve his or her environment. Sometimes managers’ mental models limit a business because they choose to ignore certain factors. Sometimes people only see what they desire to perceive or deliberately ignore pertinent data (Crook & Wind, 2006). For large, vast, and fast-paced companies like Verizon Wireless, mental models and mindsets, especially in management, do more than shape the company culture; they drive the company to success or failure. The company’s rapid growth and enormous shares of the wireless communications market are evidence of beneficial mental models and positive mindsets, but there are a few weaknesses. Mental Models that Enable Verizon Wireless’ Decision Making Pro cess Verizon Wireless employs several strategies survive and maintain a competitive advantage over its competitors. One of the company’s most influential mental models is that scrutinizing data to gain insights into the most potentially successful business models is key to thriving in a competitive market. Verizon Wireless collects information about various wireless providers, individual clients, and client businesses to glean important insights. This mental model helps the company envision many important improvements, like programs to help grow small businesses into corporate enterprises and where to put the next set of communication towers (Verizon Wireless, 2013). This mental model helps Verizon Wireless to attract customers and maintain its client base (Bouncken & Sungspoo, 2002). Mental models are important in the understanding of various aspects of topics. Verizon wireless uses mental models to strategize and process, hence their success in business. Verizon Wirelessâ⠂¬â„¢ Mental Model of Employment One of the strategies that Verizon Wireless uses is a mental model of attractive employment conditions in the company, as a key to success. The belief is that happy employees help keep customers happy (Dean, 2013). For instance, the company provides support for working mothers and supports them in their endeavors to advance their careers, with offerings like tuition assistance. The mental model emphasizes positive inter-office interrelations, thus building trust within the workplace. Verizon Wireless is listed as one of the best companies for workers to seek employment because of this strong model of positive interrelations with its employees, flexible working schedules, and incentives for employees to further their careers (â€Å"Working Mothers names Verizon Wireless among 100 best firms,† 2008). By appreciating and encouraging individual interests within the company, Verizon Wireless builds a collective mental model of every worker’s success is a company achievement and, vice-versa, the company’s success contributes to the success of every individual (Computerworld, 2011). Mental Models Adopted From Mergers Verizon wireless is regularly involved in mergers with other companies within the communications industry. The mental model that drives this desire to purchase other successful enterprises is a vision of a company that grows ever-stronger by combining the best characteristics of each company into a better Verizon Wireless. In fact, the company started from the merger of two former Bell spin-offs, Bell Atlantic and GTE, along with a British company, Vodafone, deciding to merge Vodafone Wireless and GTE Wireless into a separate entity. The profitability and market leverage provided through the merger made Verizon Wireless a formidable contender, from its very beginning (Verizon Communications, 2013). Later, the company merged with Alltel Wireless to form the nation’s largest and strongest wireless communications provider (Verizon Wireless, 2009). Future mergers with established companies in foreign markets are likely to replicate the company’s successful â€Å"bigger is better† philosophy (FierceBroadbandWireless, 2012). The role of mental models is to aid in reasoning and problem solving, within the organization. Mental models provide imagery that aids in constructing and interpreting of issues (Rickheit, 1999). Mental models are how people’s minds represent reality and guide people’s decision-making processes, along with logical reasoning. The ideals and vision that Verizon Wireless embraces, in terms of latest technology as well merging with others, shapes strategy formulation and implementation. Mental Models that Disable Verizon Wireless’ Decision Making Process Every wireless phone company provides mental models and mindsets that disable the organization’s decision-making progress. One common mindset that hinders wireless providers and angers customers is the notion that a company must put attracting new customers before keeping current subscribers happy. Negative side effects of this mindset include reductions in renewal perks and adding charges without prior notification, as well as the addition of a $30 upgrade fee for each time the client switches to a new device. Already disgruntled customers are further enraged, when they call the customer service lines and discover the company’s unwillingness to compromise over fees and price hikes. Such a negative mindset encourages customers to look elsewhere for service; and, those whom terminate their business with Verizon Wireless are customers that the company must replace by enticing a new client with benefits and discounts. Furthermore, angry customers are not shy to tell their friends and acquaintances about their terrible experiences with Verizon Wireless, thus scaring off potential customers (Delsoft, 2012). Based upon revenues, Verizon Wireless is the most profitable wireless communications carrier in the United States, and poised to be the most profitable in the world. The company provides high-quality service and works endlessly to expand and improve upon its infrastructure. The model is very successful and creates the mindset that an ever-improving network is the only way to succeed. The limitation this mental model poses is that the company does not use the advantages of economies of scale to pass savings onto customers. Most customers would be happier to know that their bills were reduced than to know th at their phones will receive full 3G service on nearly every square foot of the North American continent. Five Forces Influencing Mental Models at Verizon Wireless Similar to other wireless companies, Verizon has five forces to conduct success against its competitors. The five forces illustrate a representation of the five powers to rise in a low economic environment. These forces, also known as Michael Porter’s Five Forces Analysis, consist of buyer power, supplier power, threat of substitute product and services, threats of new entrants, and finally, rivalry of existing competitors such as T-Mobile, AT&T, etc. Following Michael Porter’s analysis may give the company big accomplishment, there is also other forces that impose limitations to the decision-making process. Imposed forces obligate a company to switch gages from success to immediate failure, such as the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) services. A CRM service is a strategy that reduces any negative interactions that the customers pertain. Exploiting is a major discomfort for Verizon Wireless. Verizon Wireless does not like to bring undependable service upon its customers. One of the five forces that impose limitation to administrative decision process is threats of entrants. Threats of new entrants become an imposition because it conveys hard places to expand access of new entrants, creating threat of competition of which wireless company is highe r quality. Creative Intelligence at Verizon Wireless Verizon Wireless has become the leading cellular provider by creating a leadership team that allows integration within the company’s decision making process. Verizon Wireless recognizes that not all good ideas will be created within the company or marketed successfully internally. In the business community, network- related issues such as call quality and performance reliability, particularly among small and midsize companies, are important elements that impact the daily decision-making process. Verizon Wireless adapted a strategy known as crowd sourcing. Crowd sourcing became the decision making process for everything from product development to engaging customers in marketing decisions. As crowd sourcing succeeds and grows in popularity, innovators and businesses are taking more provocative and bold steps to drive innovation. The company’s most creative development for decisions is its open innovation strategy. According to Nine Sigma (2013), open Innovation, also kno wn as external or networked innovation, is focused on uncovering new ideas, reducing risk, increasing speed and leveraging scarce resources. With a better understanding of collaboration, a company is able to lower risk by combining external capabilities with internal innovation resources. Verizon Wireless created a program to collaborate with entrepreneurs and established companies. Through open innovation, Verizon Wireless will be able to form partnerships and generate the creative ideas that will keep them competitive in the future. Conclusion Mental models manipulate the mind to have imagery on several issues. Knowledge is crucial in creating a mental model in a business. When the mental model is one that promotes interrelations such as new ideas through support of advancement and education, new ideas then emerge that enable a company such as Verizon wireless to thrive. The management implements the ideas as the new ideas of the mental picture resonates with their personal goal. Thus, the importance of mental models in Verizon wireless decision making processes as it facilitates fast reasoning towards shared goals. References AT&T. (2013). Investor relations. Retrieved from http://www.att.com Bouncken, R. B., & Sungspoo, P. (2002). Knowledge management in hospitality and tourism. Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Hospitality Press. Computerworld. (2011). 100 best places to work in it 2012: Employer profile NO. 6: Verizon Wireless. Retrieved from http://www.computerworld.com/ Consumerist.com. (2007, October 15). Verizon’s Plan to Share Your Call Data Generates Blog Scrutiny. Consumerist. Retrieved from http://consumerist.com Crook C., Wind J., (2006, March 1). Changing Mental Models in an uncontrollable world. Retrieved from The Financial Times 2012 Dean, J. (2013, April 29). 10 of the Happiest Big Companies to work for. Career Alley. Retrieved from http://www.careeralley.com Delsoft. (2012, October 3). Why does Verizon not value loyal long term customers? Verizon Wireless Services. Retrieved from https://community.verizonwireless.com FierceBroadbandWireless. (2012). Global LTE: Verizon dominates today, but which operators will lead in 2016? Retrieved from http://www.fiercebroadbandwireless.com

Asvance Care Planning Essay

Assessment Criteria 1.1. Describe the difference between a care or support plan and an Advance Care Plan Advance care planning (ACP) is a process of discussion between an individual and their care providers irrespective of discipline. According to NHS guidlines the difference between ACP and planning more generally-which sets out how the client’s care and support needs will be met- is that the process of ACP is to make clear a person’s wishes. 1.2. Explain the purpose of advance care planning It usually take place in the context of an anticipated deterioration in the individual’s condition in the future, with attendant loss of capacity to make decisions and/or ability to communicate wishes to others. In that case Advance care planning can ensure that all of those concerned with the patient’s care and well-being kept informed -with the patient’s permission-of any decisions, wishes or preferences which impact upon her care when she has no ability to communicate these any more. 1.3. Identify the national, local and organisational agreed ways of working for advance care planning The main principles are covering the agreed ways of working: The process is voluntary. No pressure should be brought to bear by the professional, the family or any organisation on the individual concerned to take part in ACP ACP must be a patient centred dialogue over a period of time The process of ACP is a reflection of society’s desire to respect personal autonomy. The content of any discussion should be determined by the individual concerned. The individual may not wish to confront future issues; this should be respected All health and social care staff should be open to any discussion which may be instigated by an individual and know how to respond to their questions Health and social care staff should instigate  ACP only if in the context of a professional judgement that leads them to believe it is likely to benefit the care of the individual. The discussion should be introduced sensitively Staff will require the appropriate training to enable them to communicate effectively and to understand the legal and ethical issues involved Staff need to be aware when they have reached the limits of their knowledge and competence and know when and from whom to seek advice Discussion should focus on the views of the individual, although they may wish to invite their carer or another close family member or friend to participate. Some families may have discussed their issues and would welcome an approach to share this discussion Confidentiality should be respected in line with current good practice and professional guidance Health and social care staff should be aware of and give a realistic account of the support, services and choices available in the particular circumstances. This should entail referral to an appropriate colleague or agency when necessary The professional must have adequate knowledge of the benefits, harms and risks associated with treatment to enable the individual to make an informed decision Choice in terms of place of care will influence treatment options, as certain treatments may not be available at home or in a care home, e.g. chemotherapy or intravenous therapy. Individuals may need to be admitted to hospital for symptom management, or may need to be admitted to a hospice or hospital, because support is not available at home ACP requires that the individual has the capacity to understand, discuss options available and agree to what is then planned. Should an individual wish to make a decision to refuse treatment (advance decision) they should be guided by a professional with appropriate knowledge and this should be documented according to the requirements of the MCA 2005 1.4. Explain the legal position of an Advance Care Plan Mental Capacity Act 2005 which came into force in October 2007 along with the supporting Code of Practice. Chapter 9 of the Mental Capacity Act (MCA) 2005 Code of Practice refers specifically to Advance Decisions to Refuse Treatment and will be used as a guide to sections within this document that refer to advance decisions. According to NHS guidelines for individuals with capacity it is their current wishes about their care which needs to be  considered. Under the MCA of 2005, individuals can continue to anticipate future decision making about their care or treatment should they lack capacity. In this context, the outcome of ACP may be the completion of a statement of wishes and preferences or if referring to refusal of specific treatment may lead onto an advance decision to refuse treatment. This is not mandatory or automatic and will depend on the person’s wishes. Alternatively, an individual may decide to appoint a person to represent them by choosing a person (an ‘attorney’) to take decisions on their behalf if they subsequently lose capacity. A statement of wishes and preferences is not legally binding. However, it does have legal standing and must be taken into account when making a judgement in a person’s best interests. Careful account needs to be taken of the relevance of statements of wishes and preferences when making best interest decisions. If an advance decision to refuse treatment has been made it is a legally binding document if that advance decision can be shown to be valid and applicable to the current circumstances. If it relates to life sustaining treatment it must be a written document which is signed and witnessed. 1.5. Explain what is involved in an ‘Advance Decision to Refuse Treatment’ The MCA 2005 provides the statutory framework to enable adults with capacity to document clear instructions about refusal of specific medical procedures should they lack capacity in the future. An advance decision to refuse treatment: Can be made by someone over the age of 18 who has mental capacity Is a decision relating to refusal of specific treatment and may be in specific circumstances Can be written or verbal If an advance decision includes refusal of life sustaining treatment, it must be in writing, signed and witnessed and include the statement ‘even if life is at risk’ Will only come into effect if the individual loses capacity Only comes into effect if the treatment and circumstances are those specifically identified in the advance decision Is legally binding if valid and applicable to the circumstances. 1.6. Explain what is meant by a ‘Do Not Attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation’ (DNACPR) order In England and Wales, CPR is presumed in the event of a cardiac arrest unless a do not resuscitate order is in place. If they have capacity as defined under the Mental Capacity Act 2005 the patient may decline resuscitation, however any discussion is not in reference to consent to resuscitation and instead should be an explanation. Patients may also specify their wishes and/or devolve their decision-making to a proxy using an advance directive, which are commonly referred to as ‘Living Wills’. Patients and relatives cannot demand treatment (including CPR) which the doctor believes is futile and in this situation, it is their doctor’s duty to act in their ‘best interest’, whether that means continuing or discontinuing treatment, using their clinical judgment. Learning Outcome 2: Understand the process of advance care planning Assessment Criteria 2.1. Explain when advance care planning may be introduced ACP may be instigated by either the individual or a care provider at any time not necessarily in the context of illness progression but may be at one of the following key points in the individual’s life: Life changing event, e.g. the death of spouse or close friend or relative Following a new diagnosis of life limiting condition eg. cancer or motor neurone disease Significant shift in treatment focus e.g. chronic renal failure where options for treatment require review Assessment of the individual’s needs Multiple hospital admissions 2.2. Outline who might be involved in the advance care planning process Advance care planning centres on discussions with a person who has capacity to make decisions about their care and treatment. If the individual wishes, their family, friends and health and social care professionals may be included. It is recommended that with the individual’s agreement that  discussions are documented, regularly reviewed, and communicated to key persons involved in their care. 2.3. Describe the type of information an individual may need to enable them to make informed decisions Statements of wishes and preferences can include personal preferences, such as where one would wish to live, having a shower rather than a bath, or wanting to sleep with the light on. Sometimes people may wish to express their values e.g. that the welfare of their spouse or children is taken into account when decisions are made about their place of care. Sometimes people may have views about treatments they do not wish to receive but do not want to formalise these views as a specific advance decision to refuse treatment. These views should be considered when acting in a person’s best interests but will not be legally binding. A statement of wishes and preferences cannot be made in relation to any act which is illegal e.g. assisted suicide. 2.4. Explain how to use legislation to support decision-making about the capacity of an individual to take part in advance care planning The Mental Capacity Act says: Everyone has the right to make his or her own decisions. Health and care professionals should always assume an individual has the capacity to make a decision themselves, unless it is proved otherwise through a capacity assessment. Individuals must be given help to make a decision themselves. This might include, for example, providing the person with information in a format that is easier for them to understand. Treatment and care provided to someone who lacks capacity should be the least restrictive of their basic rights and freedoms possible, while still providing the required treatment and care. The MCA also allows people to express their preferences for care and treatment in case they lack capacity to make these decisions. It also allows them to appoint a trusted person to make a decision on their behalf should they lack capacity in the future. The MCA sets out a two-stage test of capacity. Does the individual concerned have an impairment of, or a disturbance in the functioning of, their mind or brain, whether as a result of a condition, illness, or external factors such as alcohol or drug use? Does the impairment or disturbance mean the individual is unable to make a specific decision when they need to? Individuals can lack capacity to make some decisions but have capacity to make others, so it is vital to consider whether the individual lacks capacity to make the specific decision. Also, capacity can fluctuate with time – an individual may lack capacity at one point in time, but may be able to make the same decision at a later point in time. Where appropriate, individuals should be allowed the time to make a decision themselves. MCA says a person is unable to make a decision if they cannot: understand the information relevant to the decision retain that information use or weigh up that information as part of the process of making the decision If they aren’t able to do any of the above three things or communicate their decision (by talking, using sign language, or through any other means), the MCA says they will be treated as unable to make the specific decision in question. Before deciding an individual lacks capacity to make a particular decision, appropriate steps must be taken to enable them to make the decision themselves. For example: Does the individual have all the relevant information they need? Have they been given information on any alternatives? Could information be explained or presented in a way that is easier to understand (for example, by using simple language or visual aids)? Have different methods of communication been explored, such as non-verbal  communication? Could anyone else help with communication, such as a family member, carer, or advocate? Are there particular times of day when the individual’s understanding is better? Are there particular locations where the individual may feel more at ease? Could the decision be delayed until a time when the individual might be better able to make the decision? 2.5. Explain how the individual’s capacity to discuss advance care planning may influence their role in the process Example by NHS: Caroline has dementia and lives at home with the support of carers from a domiciliary care agency. Over the last two days, she has become very confused and unable to make decisions about the care she receives. The care worker has suggested that the GP be called. Caroline is adamant that she does not require the GP. It is clear that Caroline is unwell and the care worker, having consulted the family, assesses that Caroline lacks the capacity to make the decision about whether or not to call the doctor. So the care worker calls the GP and records her actions in the care plan. The GP visits Caroline and diagnoses a urinary tract infection. He requests a urine sample for analysis and commences treatment with antibiotics. Within three days, Caroline has regained her capacity, for this decision. 2.6. Explain the meaning of informed consent Informed consent is a process for getting permission before conducting a healthcare intervention on a person. For consent to be valid, it must be voluntary and informed, and the person consenting must have the capacity to make the decision. These terms are explained below: Voluntary – the decision to either consent or not to consent to treatment must be made by the person themselves, and must not be influenced by pressure from medical staff, friends or family. Informed – the person must be given all of the information in terms of what the treatment involves, including the benefits and risks, whether there are reasonable alternative treatments and what will happen if treatment does not go ahead. Capacity – the person must be capable  of giving consent, which means they understand the information given to them, and they can use it to make an informed decision. If an adult has the capacity to make a voluntary and informed decision to consent to or refuse a particular treatment, their decision must be respected. This still stands even if refusing treatment would result in their death, or the death of their unborn child. If a person does not have the capacity to make a decision about their treatment, the healthcare professionals treating them can go ahead and give treatment if they believe it is in the person’s best interests. However, the clinicians must take reasonable steps to seek advice from the patient’s friends or relatives before making these decisions. 2.7. Explain own role in the advance care planning process Under the MCA, anybody making a decision about the care or treatment of an individual, who has been assessed as lacking the capacity to make that decision for himself, will be required to take any statement of wishes and preferences into account when assessing that person’s best interests. Part of assessing best interests should include making reasonable efforts to find out what a person’s wishes, preferences, values and beliefs might be. This is likely to involve contacting the person’s family or other care providers. They may be able to advise whether any statements of wishes or preferences exists or for help in determining that person’s wishes. This will not always be possible, e.g. if an individual is admitted as an emergency, is unconscious and requires rapid treatment. 2.8. Identify how an Advance Care Plan can change over time Person’s views may change over time. If they wish to make any changes they should let their doctor or nurse know as well as their family and friends. When their Advance Care Plan is completed they are encouraged to keep it with them and share it with everyone involved in their care. What has been written in their Advance Care Plan will always be taken into account when planning their care. However sometimes things can change unexpectedly, such  as their carers (family, friends and neighbours) becoming over tired or ill- these are unforeseen circumstances. 2.9. Outline the principles of record keeping in advance care planning According to NHS guidelines: Healthcare professionals cannot make a record of the discussion without the permission of the individual The individual concerned must check and agree the content of the record Information cannot be shared with anyone, unless the individual concerned has agreed to disclosure. Where the individual refuses to share information with certain individuals the options should be explained to them and the consequences made clear Any record should be subject to review and if necessary, revision and it should be clear when this is planned. Review may be instigated by the individual or care provider, can be part of regular review or may be triggered by a change in circumstances A clear record of who has copies of the document will help facilitate future updating and review Copies in notes should be updated when an individual makes any changes Where an advance decision is recorded, it should follow guidance available in the Code of Practice for the MCA http://www.dca.gov.uk/menincap/legis.htm#codeofpractice and be recorded on a separate document to that used for ACP The professional making the record of an advance decision must be competent to complete the process Where this is part of a professional’s role, competence based training needs to be available and accessed If the individual agrees for their record to be shared, it should be ensured that systems are in place to enable sharing between health and social care professionals involved in the care of the individual, including out of hours providers and ambulance services For an individual who has lost capacity disclosure of a statement will be based on best interests There should be locally agreed policies about where the document is kept. For example, it may be decided that a copy should be given to the individual and a copy placed in the notes 2.10 Describe ci rcumstances when you can share details of the Advance Care Plan The advance care plan is a document that goes into effect only if the  client is incapacitated and unable to speak for herself. This could be the result of disease or severe injury—no matter how old is she. It helps others know what type of medical care she wants. In that case it is really important to make sure that everybody who is involved in her care knows everything about her preferences and wishes-thus the Advance Care Plan’s details should be shared. That could explain her feelings, beliefs and values that govern how she make decisions. They may cover medical and non-medical matters. They are not legally binding but should be used when determining a person’s best interests in the event they lose capacity to make those decisions. Learning Outcome 3: Understand the person centred approach to advance care planning Assessment Criteria 3.1. Describe the factors that an individual might consider when planning their Advance Care Plan The wishes are being expressed during advance care planning are personal and can be about anything to do with the patient future care. They may want to include their priorities and preferences for the future, for example: how they might want any religious or spiritual beliefs to hold to be reflected in their care, the name of a person or people they wish to represent their views at a later time, their choice about where they would prefer, if possible, to be cared for, for example at home, in a hospital, nursing home or hospice their thoughts on different treatments or types of care they might be offered, how they like to do things, for example, preferring a shower instead of a bath or sleeping with the light on, concerns or solutions about practical issues, for example, who will look after their dog should you become ill 3.2. Explain the importance of respecting the values and beliefs that impact on the choices of the individual Sometimes people will want to write down or tell others their wishes and preferences for future treatment and care, or explain their feelings or  values that govern how they make decisions. Statements of wishes and preferences or documented conversations the person has had with their family or other carers may be recorded in the person’s notes. A statement of wishes and preferences can be of various types, for example: A requesting statement reflecting an individual’s aspirations and preferences. This can help health and social care professionals identify how the person would like to be treated without binding them to that course of action if it conflicts with professional judgment A statement of the general beliefs and aspects of life which an individual values. This might provide a biographical portrait of the individual that subsequently aids deciding his/her best interests. Your beliefs and values are what make you a unique individual. They are based upon past experiences as well as present circumstances. Many of them were learned from parents as well as other respected individuals. While some people may have values and beliefs that are deemed to be â€Å"wrong† according to society, unless your values and beliefs cause harm to others, they cannot be considered wrong. While some beliefs and values may change from time to time, they remain your own. 3.3. Identify how the needs of others may need to be taken into account when planning advance care A person assessing an individual’s best interests must:- Not make any judgement using the professional’s view of the individual’s quality of life Consider all relevant circumstances and options without discrimination Not be motivated by a desire to bring about an individual’s death Consult with family partner or representative as to whether the individual previously had expressed any opinions or wishes about their future care e.g. ACP Consult with the clinical team caring for the individual Consider any beliefs or values likely to influence the individual if they had capacity Consider any other factors the individual would consider if they were able to do so Consider the individual’s feelings 3.4. Outline what actions may be appropriate when an individual is unable to or does not wish to participate in advance care planning Many patients with early or slowly progressing disease, and some with advanced disease, will not wish to discuss end-of-life care. However, they should still receive the opportunity to discuss other aspects of their future care. If the patient does not have capacity for making future plans, then the clinical team will need to make choices based on the patient’s best interests as defined in the MCA. 3.5. Explain how individual’s care or support plan may be affected by an Advance Care Plan If an individual wishes, ACP may be an integral part of the care and communication process and of their regular care plan review. The difference between ACP and care planning more generally is that the process of ACP will usually take place in the context of an anticipated deterioration in the individual’s condition in the future, with attendant loss of capacity to make decisions and/or ability to communicate wishes to others.